Prevalence of speech-language and hearing disorders in elderly and younger adults according to sex and age: a population survey. / Prevalência de distúrbios fonoaudiológicos em adultos e idosos, segundo sexo e faixa etária: um estudo populacional.

PURPOSE: To verify the distribution of self-reported speech-language and hearing disorders and their association to sex and age in a representative sample of the population in southern Brazil. METHODS: Prevalence of speech-language and hearing disorders in elderly and younger adults according to sex and age: a population survey based on a household survey on Human Communication Disorders (DCH-POP Study). Standardized home interviews were conducted using a questionnaire with residents of the city of Porto Alegre between 2012 and 2014. The study outcome was self-reported "speech-language and hearing disorders", constituted from the variables: language, orofacial motricity, hearing, and balance. Analyses of absolute and relative frequencies were performed. Multivariable prevalence ratios were estimated in an adjusted analysis using Poisson Regression with robust variation and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Of the 1246 individuals interviewed, 918 participants were eligible for this study. Most of them were female (58.1%), and the average age was 48.9 (± 19.6) years. The outcome of speech-language and hearing disorders was found in 364 (39.4%) individuals, and the most affected age group was 60 years old or more (54.4%), with a higher prevalence in men (58.9%) than in women (51.9%). The multivariate analysis showed a significant prevalence ratio only in elderly individuals aged 60 years or older (PR 1.84; 95% CI 1.50-2.26). CONCLUSION: In this study, we did not find significant differences between sexes in the prevalence of self-reported speech-language and hearing disorders in elderly and younger adults. However, elderly and younger adults presented a higher prevalence of these disorders.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a distribuição dos distúrbios fonoaudiológicos autorreferidos em relação ao sexo e à faixa etária em uma amostra representativa da população do sul do Brasil. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal em adultos e idosos com base em um inquérito populacional domiciliar autodeclarado sobre Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana (DCH-POP). Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares padronizadas com a aplicação de um questionário com residentes da cidade de Porto Alegre entre 2012 e 2014. O desfecho estudado foi "distúrbios fonoaudiológicos", constituído a partir dos dados das variáveis: linguagem, motricidade orofacial, audição e equilíbrio. Foram realizadas análises de frequência absoluta e relativa. Razões de prevalência multivariáveis foram estimadas em análise ajustada pela Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Dos 1246 indivíduos entrevistados, 918 participantes foram elegíveis para este estudo. A maioria é do sexo feminino (58,1%) e a idade média foi de 48,9 (±19,6) anos. O desfecho distúrbio fonoaudiológico foi encontrado em 364 (39,4%) indivíduos, sendo que a faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 60 anos ou mais (54,4%), apresentando maior prevalência no sexo masculino (58,9%), do que no feminino (51,9%). Na análise multivariável ajustada verifica-se que há razão de prevalência significativa apenas em indivíduos idosos com 60 anos ou mais (RP 1,84 IC95% 1,50-2,26). CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo não encontramos diferenças significativas entre os sexos na prevalência dos distúrbios fonoaudiológicos autorreferidos em adultos e idosos. Entretanto, pessoas mais velhas apresentam maior prevalência destes, especialmente aquelas com idade entre 60 anos ou mais.

Prevalência de distúrbios fonoaudiológicos em adultos e idosos, segundo sexo e faixa etária: um estudo populacional / Prevalence of speech-language and hearing disorders in elderly and younger adults according to sex and age: a population survey

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a distribuição dos distúrbios fonoaudiológicos autorreferidos em relação ao sexo e à faixa etária em uma amostra representativa da população do sul do Brasil. Método Estudo transversal em adultos e idosos com base em um inquérito populacional domiciliar autodeclarado sobre Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana (DCH-POP). Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares padronizadas com a aplicação de um questionário com residentes da cidade de Porto Alegre entre 2012 e 2014. O desfecho estudado foi "distúrbios fonoaudiológicos", constituído a partir dos dados das variáveis: linguagem, motricidade orofacial, audição e equilíbrio. Foram realizadas análises de frequência absoluta e relativa. Razões de prevalência multivariáveis foram estimadas em análise ajustada pela Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados Dos 1246 indivíduos entrevistados, 918 participantes foram elegíveis para este estudo. A maioria é do sexo feminino (58,1%) e a idade média foi de 48,9 (±19,6) anos. O desfecho distúrbio fonoaudiológico foi encontrado em 364 (39,4%) indivíduos, sendo que a faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 60 anos ou mais (54,4%), apresentando maior prevalência no sexo masculino (58,9%), do que no feminino (51,9%). Na análise multivariável ajustada verifica-se que há razão de prevalência significativa apenas em indivíduos idosos com 60 anos ou mais (RP 1,84 IC95% 1,50-2,26). Conclusão Neste estudo não encontramos diferenças significativas entre os sexos na prevalência dos distúrbios fonoaudiológicos autorreferidos em adultos e idosos. Entretanto, pessoas mais velhas apresentam maior prevalência destes, especialmente aquelas com idade entre 60 anos ou mais.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the distribution of self-reported speech-language and hearing disorders and their association to sex and age in a representative sample of the population in southern Brazil. Methods Prevalence of speech-language and hearing disorders in elderly and younger adults according to sex and age: a population survey based on a household survey on Human Communication Disorders (DCH-POP Study). Standardized home interviews were conducted using a questionnaire with residents of the city of Porto Alegre between 2012 and 2014. The study outcome was self-reported "speech-language and hearing disorders", constituted from the variables: language, orofacial motricity, hearing, and balance. Analyses of absolute and relative frequencies were performed. Multivariable prevalence ratios were estimated in an adjusted analysis using Poisson Regression with robust variation and 95% confidence intervals. Results Of the 1246 individuals interviewed, 918 participants were eligible for this study. Most of them were female (58.1%), and the average age was 48.9 (± 19.6) years. The outcome of speech-language and hearing disorders was found in 364 (39.4%) individuals, and the most affected age group was 60 years old or more (54.4%), with a higher prevalence in men (58.9%) than in women (51.9%). The multivariate analysis showed a significant prevalence ratio only in elderly individuals aged 60 years or older (PR 1.84; 95% CI 1.50-2.26). Conclusion In this study, we did not find significant differences between sexes in the prevalence of self-reported speech-language and hearing disorders in elderly and younger adults. However, elderly and younger adults presented a higher prevalence of these disorders.

Correlação entre reconhecimento de fala, tempo de privação auditiva e tempo de uso de Implante Coclear em usuários com surdez pós-lingual / Correlation between speech recognition, time of auditory deprivation, and duration of cochlear implant use in people with postlingual deafness / Correlación entre el reconocimiento del habla, el tiempo de privación auditiva y el tiempo de uso del implante coclear em usuários com sorder apos lingual

Introdução: A mensuração do benefício proporcionado pelo Implante Coclear é fundamental e há vários métodos de avaliação descritos, mas, os testes de percepção de fala ainda são os mais utilizados, dentre eles a "Lista de Sentenças em Português" - LSP. Determinar os fatores que influenciam o reconhecimento de fala nos usuários de IC auxilia nas orientações da etapa pré-operatória, melhora a adaptação, reabilitação e evidencia mudanças necessárias no dispositivo. Objetivo: Verificar a correlação das variáveis: tempo de privação auditiva e tempo de uso de Implante Coclear (IC) com os resultados dos testes de percepção de fala no silêncio e no ruído em usuários de IC com deficiência auditiva pós-lingual e idade entre 14 e 60 anos. Método: Os 27 participantes foram submetidos às seguintes avaliações: levantamento de dados- para coleta de informações que caracterizem a perda auditiva prévia, como tempo de privação auditiva e início do uso do IC -, audiometria em campo livre com IC nas frequências sonoras de 250 a 4000 Hz e o reconhecimento de fala que foi avaliado por meio do teste "Listas de Sentenças em Português" - LSP aplicado na condição favorável (silêncio) e na condição desfavorável (ruído) de escuta. Na análise estatística foram utilizados o coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson e gráficos de dispersão bidimensional, além disso, a análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: Não houve relação estatisticamente significante entre a privação auditiva e a percepção de fala no silêncio e no ruído. Por outro lado, houve correlação positiva estatisticamente significante entre o Tempo de Uso do IC com o desempenho no teste de reconhecimento de sentenças no silêncio. Conclusão: Verificou-se correlação significante apenas entre tempo de uso de implante e reconhecimento de sentenças no silêncio em usuários de implante com surdez pós-lingual.

Introduction: It is essential to measure the benefits provided by the cochlear implant, to which end various assessment methods have been described. Of these, the speech perception tests are still the most used, including the List of Sentences in Portuguese ­ LSP. Determining the factors that influence the speech recognition of CI users helps in preoperative instructions, improves adaptation and rehabilitation, and reveals necessary changes to be made in the device. Purpose: To verify the correlation between time of auditory deprivation and duration of use of the cochlear implant (CI) with the results of the speech perception in silence and noise tests in CI users with post lingual hearing loss aged 14 to 60 years old. Method: The 27 participants were submitted to the following assessments: data collection to characterize the previous hearing loss, such as the time of auditory deprivation and beginning of CI use; free-field audiometry with CI at the frequencies of 250 to 4000 Hz; speech recognition assessed through the Lists of Phrases in Portuguese (LPP), presented in favorable (silence) and unfavorable (noise) hearing conditions. In the statistical analysis, Pearson's linear correlation coefficient was used, as well as bidimensional dispersion graphs and descriptive data analysis. Results: There was no statistically significant relationship between auditory deprivation and speech perception in silence and noise. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the duration of CI use and the performance in sentence recognition in silence. Conclusion: A significant correlation was verified only between duration of implant use and sentence recognition in silence in implant users with post lingual deafness.

Introduccion: La medición del beneficio proporcionado por el implante coclear es esencial y existen varios métodos para evaluar lãs pruebas, pero lãs pruebas de percepción Del habla son aún más utilizadas, entre ellas la "Lista de oraciones em portugués" - LSP. Determinar los factores que influyen o El reconocimiento de lãs conversaciones em los usuários del IC auxiliar em lãs instrucciones pre-operatorias, mejora La adaptación, la rehabilitación y la evidencia de cambios alterados em el dispositivo.Objetivo: Verifique la correlación de las variables: tiempo de privación auditiva y tiempo de uso del implante coclear (CI) com los resultados de las pruebas de percepción del habla en silencio y el ruído em usuarios de CI com audición poslingual y edad entre 14 y 60 años. Método: los 27 participantes se sometieron a los siguientes pasos: recopilación de datos - para la recopilación de datos que caracteriza la pérdida auditiva previa, como el tiempo de privación auditiva y el comienzo del uso de CI -, audiometria e nel campo libre con CI a 250 a 4000 Hz frecuencias de sonido y El reconocimiento de voz se evaluó mediante la prueba "Lista de oraciones em portugués" - LSP aplicado em la condición favorable (silencio) y em la condición desfavorable (ruido) de la escucha. Em el análisis estadístico, se utilizaron coeficientes de correlación lineal de Pearson y gráficos de dispersión bidimensionales, además, um análisis descriptivo de los datos. Resultados: No hubo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la privación auditiva y la percepción del habla en silencio y ruido. Por otro lado, hubo una correlación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre el tiempo de uso del implante coclear y el rendimento em la prueba de reconocimiento de oraciones en silencio. Conclusión: Hubo una correlación significativa solo entre el tiempo de uso del implante y el reconocimiento de oraciones en silencio em usuarios de implantes com sordera poslingual.

Congenital heart disease in children: Orofacial myofunctional aspects, eating behavior and facial temperature

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the eating behavior, orofacial, speech myofunctional conditions, and facial temperature of children with congenital heart disease. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study. The sample consisted of 30 children with heart disease (cyanotic or acyanotic; mean of 5.48 ± 0.84 years old) and 28 healthy children (4.98 ± 0.64 years old). Parents were given a questionnaire to assess eating behaviors (Montreal Children's Hospital Feeding Scale). The orofacial myofunctional assessment protocol (OMES-E), the Child Language Test (ABFW), and thermography infrared of facial temperature were used. Data analysis was conducted by student's t-tests, Chi-square, logistic regression, and correlation analysis. RESULTS: Eating behavior in Parents did not perceive eating behavior differences between the heart disease and control groups. However, the percentage of children with some feeding difficulty was higher in the heart disease group. There was a difference between groups regarding the appearance and posture of structures, the mobility of the mandibular and cheek, swallowing function, and the total function score. Thermographic variables did not differ between the groups, but better performance in orofacial functions correlated with the temperature of the labial commissure and lower lip points. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of children with eating difficulties was higher among those with congenital heart disease, as was the increased facial temperature at the medial eyelid commission point when submitted to interventional procedures. The orofacial myofunctional aspects showed changes in posture and position, mobility, and orofacial functions among children with heart disease as compared to the control group. There was a correlation between the temperature of the thermo-anatomical points of the labial commissure and the lower lip as well as the OMES-E function score. (AU)

Congenital heart disease in children: Orofacial myofunctional aspects, eating behavior and facial temperature.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the eating behavior, orofacial, speech myofunctional conditions, and facial temperature of children with congenital heart disease. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study. The sample consisted of 30 children with heart disease (cyanotic or acyanotic; mean of 5.48 ± 0.84 years old) and 28 healthy children (4.98 ± 0.64 years old). Parents were given a questionnaire to assess eating behaviors (Montreal Children's Hospital Feeding Scale). The orofacial myofunctional assessment protocol (OMES-E), the Child Language Test (ABFW), and thermography infrared of facial temperature were used. Data analysis was conducted by student's t-tests, Chi-square, logistic regression, and correlation analysis. RESULTS: Eating behavior in Parents did not perceive eating behavior differences between the heart disease and control groups. However, the percentage of children with some feeding difficulty was higher in the heart disease group. There was a difference between groups regarding the appearance and posture of structures, the mobility of the mandibular and cheek, swallowing function, and the total function score. Thermographic variables did not differ between the groups, but better performance in orofacial functions correlated with the temperature of the labial commissure and lower lip points. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of children with eating difficulties was higher among those with congenital heart disease, as was the increased facial temperature at the medial eyelid commissions point when submitted to interventional procedures. The orofacial myofunctional aspects showed changes in posture and position, mobility, and orofacial functions among children with heart disease as compared to the control group. There was a correlation between the temperature of the thermo-anatomical points of the labial commissure and the lower lip as well as the OMES-E function score.

Temporal and Sequential Analysis of the Pharyngeal Phase of Swallowing in Poststroke Patients.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a quantitative analysis of the temporal and sequential events of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing in 45 poststroke patients who presented or did not present with supraglottic penetration and/or laryngotracheal aspiration and to compare the groups with each other and to a group of 46 patients with normal swallowing. All individuals were assessed by videofluoroscopy and the temporal and sequential measures for the swallowing of 3 mL and 5 mL of thickened liquid, 3 mL of liquid, and 3 mL and 5 mL of pasty were obtained by analyzing the recorded exams on Virtual Dub software. The following events were measured: time of maximal displacement and sustaining of the hyoid and larynx, duration of velopharyngeal sphincter (VS) and supraglottic closure, total inversion time of the epiglottis, duration of pharyngeal constriction, and duration of upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening. For the analysis of the temporal sequence, the initial time of larynx and hyoid elevation, VS closure, epiglottic inversion, supraglottic closure, pharyngeal constriction, and opening of the UES were obtained. For 5 mL of thickened liquid, the maximum hyoid elevation time was greater for patients with normal swallowing and the time the supraglottis remained closed was higher in the aspirators group. The time of pharyngeal constriction during swallowing of 3 mL of thickened liquid was lower in the aspirators group. During the swallowing of 3 mL of thin liquid, it was observed that in the aspirators group, the larynx took longer to reach its maximum elevation and the epiglottis took longer to complete its total inversion. The analysis of the temporal sequence showed that patients in the aspirators group presented greater disorganization with significant alteration of the time interval between the events.

Autopercepção do benefício auditivo e o reconhecimento de fala em usuários de implante coclear / Auditory benefit self-assessment and speech recognition in cochlear implant users

RESUMO Objetivo Correlacionar o desempenho de usuários de implante coclear unilateral em testes de reconhecimento de fala, no silêncio e no ruído, com as respostas ao questionário de autoavaliação Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index (HISQUI19) e correlacionar o desempenho em testes de reconhecimento de fala com o tempo de uso do dispositivo e a orelha implantada. Métodos Participaram 27 usuários de implante coclear unilateral com deficiência auditiva pós-lingual, que faziam uso do dispositivo há, pelo menos, um ano e apresentavam limiar tonal em campo livre menor que 40 dBA. Todos os participantes foram submetidos à audiometria tonal em campo livre, responderam ao questionário HISQUI19 e realizaram testes de reconhecimento de fala no silêncio e no ruído. Resultados As respostas ao questionário foram comparadas com os testes de reconhecimento de fala no silêncio e no ruído e não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa. Na comparação em relação ao tempo de uso do implante coclear, só houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para o teste de reconhecimento de fala no silêncio. Não houve correlação significativa entre o reconhecimento de fala e a orelha implantada. Conclusão independentemente do tempo de uso do dispositivo e/ou do desempenho nos testes de reconhecimento de fala, muitos participantes classificaram a qualidade sonora do implante coclear como moderada. A aplicação de testes que possibilitem mensurar a satisfação e o benefício dos usuários deve fazer parte da rotina clínica dos centros de implante.

ABSTRACT Purpose To correlate the performance of unilateral cochlear implant users in speech recognition tests, in quiet and noise, with the answers to the Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index (HISQUI19) self-assessment questionnaire; also, to correlate the performance in speech recognition tests with the time of CI use and the implanted ear. Methods A total of 27 unilateral CI users with postlingual hearing loss, who had been using the device for at least one year and had free-field pure-tone threshold lower than 40 dBA, participated in the study. All the participants were submitted to free-field pure-tone audiometry, answered the HISQUI19 questionnaire, and took speech recognition tests in quiet and noise. Results The answers to the questionnaire were compared with the speech recognition tests in quiet and noise; there was no statistically significant difference. When comparing with the time of CI use, there was a statistically significant difference only for the speech recognition test in quiet. There was no significant correlation between speech recognition and the implanted ear. Conclusion Regardless of the time of CI use and/or performance in the speech recognition tests, many participants classified the sound quality of their cochlear implant as moderate. Administering tests to measure the users' level of satisfaction and benefit should integrate the clinical routine in implantation centers.

Effects of cochlear implantation on adulthood. / Repercussões do implante coclear na vida adulta.

PURPOSE: To understand the benefits of cochlear implantation in adulthood under the perspective of users. METHODS: Qualitative study using Symbolic Interactionism and Straussian Grounded Theory as theoretical and methodological frameworks, respectively. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the aforementioned Institution (Opinion no. 482,019). Sixteen adult cochlear implant (CI) users aged 28-58 years participated in the study. The data collection instrument was a semi-structured interview with questions about changes caused by CI in the social relations, communication, family system, and personal, academic and professional spheres of life of users. RESULTS: The category Cochlear Implant Effects on Adulthood is part of a more comprehensive theoretical study that addresses how adult CI users cope with deafness. Together with its subcategories, it shows that CI intervenes in a revolutionary way in the lives of its users, because it increases their sense of security, enables them to see life from a new perspective, rescues self-confidence and self-esteem, enables them to communicate and interact more effectively, enjoy music and other entertainment, rescue old projects, and make plans for the future; thus assisting with the process of recovering independence in adult life. CONCLUSION: Subjective impressions of the users showed that cochlear implants not only improve their auditory performance, but also bring several positive changes to their social insertion and quality of life. Therefore, this intervention is highly beneficial to deaf adults.

OBJETIVO: Compreender os benefícios da implantação coclear na idade adulta sob a perspectiva dos usuários. MÉTODO: Pesquisa qualitativa, tendo o Interacionismo Simbólico e a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados Straussiana como referencial teórico e metodológico, respectivamente. Projeto aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição (Parecer n°482.019). Participaram do estudo 16 adultos usuários de implante coclear há pelo menos um ano, com idade entre 28 e 58 anos. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada, que abrangeu questões inquirindo as mudanças causadas pelo implante coclear nas relações sociais, na comunicação, no sistema familiar e na vida pessoal, acadêmica e profissional do adulto. RESULTADOS: A categoria Repercussões do Implante Coclear na Vida Adulta faz parte de um estudo teórico fundamentado maior sobre o enfrentamento da surdez em adultos usuários de implante coclear. Junto às subcategorias que a compõem, ela evidencia que este dispositivo intervém de forma revolucionária na vida dos usuários, uma vez que ele aumenta a segurança, possibilita enxergar a vida sob uma nova perspectiva, resgata a autoconfiança e a autoestima, permite comunicar-se e interagir de modo mais eficaz, apreciar música e outros entretenimentos, retomar projetos e fazer planos para o futuro; ajudando, assim, no processo de resgate da independência da vida adulta. CONCLUSÃO: As impressões subjetivas dos usuários mostraram que o uso do implante coclear não apenas melhora o aproveitamento auditivo, mas traz também inúmeras mudanças positivas para sua inserção social e sua qualidade de vida. Portanto, esta intervenção mostra-se altamente benéfica para adultos com surdez.

Cochlear implant: the family's perspective.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the family's experience of a child who uses a cochlear implant (CI). Specifically, to identify the difficulties, changes, and feelings entailed by deafness and the use of the CI; the coping strategies; and to understand the role of the family for the child with a CI. METHOD: Qualitative research, using Symbolic Interactionism and Straussian Grounded Theory as the theoretical and methodological frameworks, respectively. Data collection instrument: semi-structured interview. A total of 9 families (32 individuals) participated in the study. The children's ages ranged from 6 to 11 years old (mean = 8.9 years old). RESULTS: Their experience is described in the following categories: Having to fight for results, Coping with difficult situations, Recognizing that you are not alone, Learning to overcome, and Having one's life restored by the implant. CONCLUSION: Cochlear implantation changes the direction of the child and the family's life by restoring the child's opportunity to hear and to obtain good results in her personal, social, and academic development. Even after implantation, the child continues to experience difficulties and requires the family's mobilization in order to be successful. The family is the principal actor in the process of the child's rehabilitation.

Caracterização da percepção musical em usuários de implante coclear / Characterization of musical perception in cochlear implant users

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a percepção musical de adultos usuários de implante coclear, utilizando o Questionário de Música de Munique (Munich Music Questionnaire - MUMU). Métodos Pesquisa transversal, de abordagem quantitativa. Participaram do estudo 22 adultos pós-linguais, usuários de implante coclear há, pelo menos, um ano. O instrumento de coleta dos dados aplicado foi o Questionário de Munique, que abrange questões sobre a participação em atividades musicais e a respeito dos hábitos de ouvir música, em relação aos estilos musicais, aos diferentes instrumentos, ao ambiente de escuta e ao uso de dispositivos auxiliadores. Os dados foram computados em seus valores absolutos e relativos e foi utilizada estatística descritiva para caracterizar a amostra. Resultados Foi possível observar que houve melhora na frequência de música ouvida pós-implante coclear. Dos participantes, a maioria respondeu não ligar a música diretamente ao seu processador. A maioria dos pacientes mencionou que ouvia música por prazer e para relaxar e que conseguiam perceber, principalmente, o ritmo. O instrumento com maior frequência de detecção foi o piano, seguido da bateria. O gênero musical referido com grande satisfação foi música para dançar e religiosa. Dos 10 pacientes que tocavam instrumentos antes da perda auditiva, 4 voltaram a tocar após a implantação e 3, que não tocavam, começaram a tocar, após o implante coclear. Conclusão Foi possível observar que o uso do implante coclear propiciou melhora na percepção musical dos usuários, refletindo benefício na qualidade de vida. Por isso, a reabilitação deve incluir, dentro do treinamento auditivo, o desenvolvimento de habilidades musicais.

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the musical perception of adults with cochlear implant using the Munich Music Questionnaire (MUMU). Methods Cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach, approved by the institution's Research Ethics Committee (Opinion n° 1,626,211). Twenty-one post-lingual adults who were cochlear implant users for at least one year participated in the study. The data collection instrument applied was the Munich Questionnaire, which covers questions about participation in musical activities and about the habits of listening to music in relation to musical styles, different instruments, the listening environment and the use of assistive devices. The data were computed in absolute and relative values ​​and descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample. Results It was possible to observe that there was improvement in the frequency of music heard after cochlear implantation. Of the participants, most respondents did not connect the music directly to their processor. Most patients listen to music for pleasure and to relax, and they can mostly sense the rhythm. The instrument with the highest frequency of detection was the piano, followed by the drums. The musical genre referred to with great satisfaction was techno and religious. Of the 10 patients who played instruments before hearing loss, 4 played again after implantation and 3, who did not play, began to play after cochlear implantation. Conclusion It was possible to observe that the use of the cochlear implant provided an improvement in the users' musical perception, reflecting an improvement in the quality of life. Therefore, rehabilitation should include within the auditory training the development of musical abilities.

Repercussões do implante coclear na vida adulta / Effects of cochlear implantation on adulthood

RESUMO Objetivo Compreender os benefícios da implantação coclear na idade adulta sob a perspectiva dos usuários. Método Pesquisa qualitativa, tendo o Interacionismo Simbólico e a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados Straussiana como referencial teórico e metodológico, respectivamente. Projeto aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição (Parecer n°482.019). Participaram do estudo 16 adultos usuários de implante coclear há pelo menos um ano, com idade entre 28 e 58 anos. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada, que abrangeu questões inquirindo as mudanças causadas pelo implante coclear nas relações sociais, na comunicação, no sistema familiar e na vida pessoal, acadêmica e profissional do adulto. Resultados A categoria Repercussões do Implante Coclear na Vida Adulta faz parte de um estudo teórico fundamentado maior sobre o enfrentamento da surdez em adultos usuários de implante coclear. Junto às subcategorias que a compõem, ela evidencia que este dispositivo intervém de forma revolucionária na vida dos usuários, uma vez que ele aumenta a segurança, possibilita enxergar a vida sob uma nova perspectiva, resgata a autoconfiança e a autoestima, permite comunicar-se e interagir de modo mais eficaz, apreciar música e outros entretenimentos, retomar projetos e fazer planos para o futuro; ajudando, assim, no processo de resgate da independência da vida adulta. Conclusão As impressões subjetivas dos usuários mostraram que o uso do implante coclear não apenas melhora o aproveitamento auditivo, mas traz também inúmeras mudanças positivas para sua inserção social e sua qualidade de vida. Portanto, esta intervenção mostra-se altamente benéfica para adultos com surdez.

ABSTRACT Purpose To understand the benefits of cochlear implantation in adulthood under the perspective of users. Methods Qualitative study using Symbolic Interactionism and Straussian Grounded Theory as theoretical and methodological frameworks, respectively. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the aforementioned Institution (Opinion no. 482,019). Sixteen adult cochlear implant (CI) users aged 28-58 years participated in the study. The data collection instrument was a semi-structured interview with questions about changes caused by CI in the social relations, communication, family system, and personal, academic and professional spheres of life of users. Results The category Cochlear Implant Effects on Adulthood is part of a more comprehensive theoretical study that addresses how adult CI users cope with deafness. Together with its subcategories, it shows that CI intervenes in a revolutionary way in the lives of its users, because it increases their sense of security, enables them to see life from a new perspective, rescues self-confidence and self-esteem, enables them to communicate and interact more effectively, enjoy music and other entertainment, rescue old projects, and make plans for the future; thus assisting with the process of recovering independence in adult life. Conclusion Subjective impressions of the users showed that cochlear implants not only improve their auditory performance, but also bring several positive changes to their social insertion and quality of life. Therefore, this intervention is highly beneficial to deaf adults.

Caracterização da força da língua por meio de medidas objetivas / Characterization of tongue strength via objective measures

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a força axial da língua e parâmetros relacionados por meio do FORLING. Método: foram analisados os dados de 92 participantes, entre homens e mulheres, com média de 23,3±7,7 anos. Resultados: no parâmetro força média da língua, identificaram-se valores médios de 13,0 N, já para a força máxima observou-se valor médio de 18,3 N. A força média e a máxima da língua apresentaram correlação positiva e associação altamente significante (p<0,001). A energia acumulada pela língua indicou valores de 131,1 N/s. O tempo médio gasto para que se alcance a força máxima da língua foi de 3,8 segundos, indicando um efeito do treinamento ao se comparar a 1ª à 3ª medida, com redução dos valores (p<0,001). Conclusão: o instrumento demonstrou ser capaz de mensurar parâmetros importantes para o fonoaudiólogo, indicando ser uma promissora ferramenta complementar à avaliação clínica fonoaudiológica.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze axial tongue strength and related parameters by using the Forling. Methods: data regarding 92 participants, including men and women with a mean age of 23.3 ± 7.7 years, were analyzed. Results: the mean value of the mean tongue strength was 13.0 N, and the maximum strength value was 18.3 N. The mean and maximum tongue strengths showed positive correlation and highly significant association (p < 0.001). The energy accumulated by the tongue was 131.1 N/s. The mean time required for the maximum tongue strength to be reached was 3.8 s, and the decrease in time (p < 0.001) from the first to the third measurements indicates an effect of training. Conclusion: the instrument proved to be capable of measuring parameters that are important to the speech-language pathologist, indicating that it can be a promising complementary tool for clinical evaluation.

Fatores associados a distúrbios da fala, da audição e da linguagem em crianças atendidas na atenção primária em saúde / Factors associated with speech, hearing and language disorders among children in a primary care outpatient center

INTRODUCTION: Appropriate communication behaviors are developed when the complex language processes are well-balanced. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence of hearing and speech disorders and their associated factors in children. METHODS: Study based on interviews with secondary informants of 95 children of a waiting list for a medical consultant in a public pediatric primary care unit in a medium-sized city in southern Brazil. The interaction between the independent variables: gender, age, hearing complaints, bottle feeding and/or pacifier and number of siblings with the dependents variables: speech disorders and hearing impairment was verified. Data analysis included descriptive and analytical statistics (bivariate chi-square and Fisher's Exact test) with significance level at 5% (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Seventy-nine (83.2%) respondents reported that the child hears well, and 16 (16.8%) didn't answer on this issue. The prevalence of oral breathing among respondents was 68.9% (62 children), 82,5% (52 children) had a history of breastfeeding and 22% (11 children) demonstrated signs of a speech disorder. Of school-age children, 3 (12.5%) reported learning difficulties. Mouth breathing appears to be associated with speech disorders (p = 0.041). Sex (p= 0.3), age (p = 0.3) and pacifier use and/or bottle (p = 0.96, p = 0.33) were not associated with speech disorders. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of speech disorders in the children studied was 22%. The sex, age or suspected hearing impairment were not associated with the occurrence of speech disorders and/or hearing complaints in the children studied.

INTRODUÇÃO: Comportamentos de comunicação apropriados se desenvolvem quando o complexo processo de linguagem está bem equilibrado. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ocorrência de alterações auditivas, da fala e fatores associados em crianças. MÉTODO: Estudo baseado em entrevistas com informantes secundários de 95 crianças à espera de consulta em uma unidade básica de saúde. Verificou-se a associação entre as variáveis independentes: sexo, idade, queixas auditivas, uso de mamadeira e/ou chupeta e número de irmãos com as variáveis dependentes: distúrbios da fala e deficiência auditiva. A análise dos dados incluiu estatística descritiva e analítica (qui-quadrado bivariável e teste Exato de Fisher) com nível de significância de 5% (p ≤ 0,05) RESULTADOS: Setenta e nove (83,2%) entrevistados relataram que a criança ouvia bem, embora 16 (16,8%) não tenham respondido sobre esta questão. A prevalência de respiração oral entre os respondentes foi de 68,9% (n = 62), 52 (82,5%) crianças tiveram história de amamentação e 11 (22%) crianças demonstraram sinais de distúrbio de fala. Das crianças em idade escolar, 3 (12,5%) relataram dificuldades de aprendizagem. A respiração bucal parece estar associada a distúrbios da fala (p = 0,041). O sexo (p = 0,3), idade (p = 0,3) e uso de chupeta e/ou mamadeira (p = 0,96, p = 0,33) não foram associados a distúrbios da fala. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de distúrbios da fala nas crianças estudadas foi de 22%. O sexo, idade ou suspeita de deficiência auditiva não foram associados à ocorrência de distúrbios de fala e/ou queixas auditivas nas crianças estudadas.

Paralisia facial e qualidade de vida: revisão crítica de literatura no âmbito do trabalho interprofissional / Facial paralysis and quality of life: a critical review of literature in the scope of interprofessional work

RESUMO A preocupação com a qualidade de vida ocorre num movimento de busca da valorização de parâmetros mais amplos que o controle de sintomas, a diminuição da mortalidade ou o aumento da expectativa de vida. Dentro desses parâmetros, insere-se a qualidade de vida de indivíduos acometidos por paralisia facial, doença frequente no mundo, sem predileção quanto ao gênero e à faixa etária. A atuação integrada dos profissionais pode potencializar o processo de cuidado, gerando deslocamentos no tratamento à qualidade de vida do paciente. Este estudo foi realizado por meio de busca eletrônica nas bases bibliográficas Pubmed, por meio da National Center for Biothecnology Information (NCBI); Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online). Nesta investigação, utilizou-se o mecanismo de pesquisa oferecido pela National Library of Medicine. A combinação dos descritores paralisia facial, qualidade de vida, pessoal de saúde, relações interprofissionais, comportamento cooperativo, equipe de assistência ao paciente e seus respectivos em inglês foi executada de diversas formas, com a finalidade de detectar o maior número possível de publicações. Evidenciaram-se poucos estudos referindo a relação entre todos os temas abordados. De uma forma geral, a revisão bibliográfica apontou que o trabalho interprofissional pode favorecer o redimensionamento das relações entre diferentes conteúdos, contribuindo para que a fragmentação dos conhecimentos possa ser superada. O trabalho interprofissional é referido como essencial para o desenvolvimento de uma força de trabalho, na qual os profissionais trabalham juntos com o objetivo de prestar assistência no âmbito da integralidade do cuidado.

ABSTRACT Concern about the quality of life seeks the appreciation of it in a broader movement than controlling symptoms, decreasing mortality rate or increasing lifespan. In this context, the quality of life of individuals affected by facial paralysis, a common disease in the world, is inserted with no distinction of gender or age. The integrated work of professionals can enhance the healthcare process thus generating changes in the treatment towards the patient's quality of life. This study was carried out through electronic search in the databases of Pubmed, via the National Center for Biothecnology Information (NCBI); Lilacs (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences), and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online). A search tool was offered by the National Library of Medicine, by means of which the combination of the descriptors facial paralysis, quality of life, health workers, interprofessional relationship, cooperative behavior, patient care team was performed in a varied way in order to detect the largest possible number of publications. Evidence showed up few studies regarding to a relation among all addressed words. In general, the literature review indicated that the interprofessional work can favor the resizing of the relations among different contents, thus contributing to the overcoming of knowledge fragmentation. The interprofessional work is reckoned to be essential for the development of a workforce in the scope of which professionals work together in order to properly assist the integral healthcare.

Cross cultural translation and adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index Questionnaire - (HISQUI19). / Tradução e Adaptação Transcultural para o Português Brasileiro do Questionário Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index - (HISQUI19).

PURPOSE: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index (HISQUI19), and characterization of the target population and auditory performance in Cochlear Implant (CI) users through the application of a synthesis version of this tool. METHODS: Evaluations of conceptual, item, semantic and operational equivalences were performed. The synthesis version was applied as a pre-test to 33 individuals, whose final results characterized the final sample and performance of the questionnaire. The results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The final translation (FT) was back-translated and compared with the original version, revealing a minimum difference between items. The changes observed between the FT and the synthesis version were characterized by the application of simplified vocabulary used on a daily basis. For the pre-test, the average score of the interviewees was 90.2, and a high level of reliability was achieved (0.83). CONCLUSION: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the HISQUI19 questionnaire showed suitability for conceptual, item, semantic and operational equivalences. For the sample characterization, the sound quality was classified as good with better performance for the categories of location and distinction of sound/voices.

Tradução e Adaptação Transcultural para o Português Brasileiro do Questionário Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index - (HISQUI19) / Cross cultural translation and adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index Questionnaire - (HISQUI19)

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o instrumento HISQUI19 (Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index), e caracterizar a população e o desempenho auditivo em usuários de Implante Coclear (IC) pela aplicação da versão síntese. Método Realizou-se a avaliação das equivalências conceitual, de item, semântica e operacional. A versão síntese foi aplicada como um pré-teste que contou com 33 sujeitos no resultado final, caracterizando a amostra e o desempenho do questionário. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente. Resultado A tradução final (TF) foi retrotraduzida e comparada à versão original, mostrando diferença mínima entre itens, e as modificações da TF para a versão síntese caracterizaram-se pela aplicação de vocabulário simplificado utilizado no cotidiano. No pré-teste, o escore médio entre os entrevistados foi de 90,2 e confirmou-se alto grau de confiabilidade interna (0,83). Conclusão A tradução e a adaptação do questionário HISQUI19 mostraram adequação para as equivalências semântica, cultural, conceitual e de item. Na caracterização da amostra, a qualidade de som foi classificada como boa com melhor desempenho nas categorias de localização e distinção de sons/vozes.

ABSTRACT Purpose Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index (HISQUI19), and characterization of the target population and auditory performance in Cochlear Implant (CI) users through the application of a synthesis version of this tool. Methods Evaluations of conceptual, item, semantic and operational equivalences were performed. The synthesis version was applied as a pre-test to 33 individuals, whose final results characterized the final sample and performance of the questionnaire. The results were analyzed statistically. Results The final translation (FT) was back-translated and compared with the original version, revealing a minimum difference between items. The changes observed between the FT and the synthesis version were characterized by the application of simplified vocabulary used on a daily basis. For the pre-test, the average score of the interviewees was 90.2, and a high level of reliability was achieved (0.83). Conclusion The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the HISQUI19 questionnaire showed suitability for conceptual, item, semantic and operational equivalences. For the sample characterization, the sound quality was classified as good with better performance for the categories of location and distinction of sound/voices.

Clustering e switching em deficientes auditivos usuários do português brasileiro: fluência verbal semântica e fonológica / Clustering and switching in hearing-impaired brazilian portuguese speakers: semantic and phonological verbal fluency

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as características de clustering e switching da prova de fluência verbal semântica e fonológica de deficientes auditivos adultos - usuários do português brasileiro - e verificar sua relação com o total de palavras evocadas e fatores biossociais. Métodos: 42 indivíduos deficientes auditivos adultos, usuários do português brasileiro oral participaram desta pesquisa. Realizaram as provas de fluência verbal semântica ("animais") e fonológica ("palavras com 'F'") e foram contabilizados: (a) número total de palavras, (b) número de categorias evocadas, (c) tamanho médio do cluster e (d) número de switches. Comparou-se aos dados biossociais e às características da deficiência auditiva e do dispositivo auditivo eletrônico. Resultados: o total de palavras evocadas foi de 16,38±6,18 para prova semântica e 10,88±6,1 para fonológica, sendo acessadas todas as categorias previamente estabelecidas. A média do tamanho do cluster foi de 1,41±0,8 para fluência verbal semântica e 0,71±0,73 para fonológica. O número médio de switches foi de 7,14±3,69 para fluência semântica e 6,36±4,17 para fonológica. Em ambas as provas, o número de switches apresentou relação forte e positiva com o total de palavras (p<0,001); e o tamanho do cluster com o total da prova fonológica (p=0,011). A escolaridade influenciou o total de palavras evocadas, o clustering e switching. O grau e época de aquisição da deficiência auditiva, bem como o uso de dispositivo auditivo eletrônico não tiveram relação com as variáveis avaliadas. Conclusão: as habilidades de clustering e switching nos deficientes auditivos são influenciadas pela escolaridade, sem relação direta com as características da deficiência auditiva.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe clustering and switching characteristics in semantic and phonetic verbal fluency of hearing-impaired adults - Brazilian Portuguese speakers - and to verify if there is relation between this characteristics, the total number of words recalled, and biosocial factors. Methods: 42 hearing-impaired adults, Brazilian-Portuguese speakers, were included. All performed the verbal fluency test by semantic and phonemic clue ("animals" and "letter F", respectively). We analyzed: (a) total words recalled, (b) number of categories recalled, (c) average cluster size, (d) number of switches. Moreover, evaluated the relationship of this data with biosocial information, hearing loss and hearing device characteristics. Results: total number of words recalled was 16.38±6.18 for semantic test and 10.88±6.1 for phonetic, on average. Participants retrieved all categories established. The average cluster size was 1.41±0.8 for semantic verbal fluency and 0.71±0.73 for phonetic. The average number of switches was 7.14±3.69 for semantic fluency and 6.36±4.17 for phonetic. For both tests the number of switches was strong and positively related to the total number of words (p<0.001); the average cluster size was related only for phonetic test (p=0.011). Educational level influenced the total number of words, clustering and switching. The hearing loss degree, age of hearing loss acquisition and the use of hearing devices did not present relation with any of evaluated variables. Conclusion: clustering and switching abilities in hearing-impaired subjects are influenced by educational level, without clear relation with hearing loss characteristics.

Effectiveness of Chin-tuck Maneuver to Facilitate Swallowing in Neurologic Dysphagia

Introduction The chin-tuck maneuver is the most frequently employed postural maneuver in the treatment of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia caused by encephalic vascular strokes and degenerative diseases. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of this maneuver in patients with neurogenic dysphagia and factors that could interfere in it. Methods In this retrospective cohort, we analyzed the medical files and videofluoroscopy exams of 35 patients (19male - 54% and 16 female - 46%; age range between 20 and 89 years old; mean = 69 years). Results The results suggest that the effectiveness of chin-tuck maneuver is related to the overall degree of dysphagia: the more severe the dysphagia, the less effective the maneuver. Conclusion Chin-tuck maneuver should benefit dysphagic patients with delay in the swallowing trigger, reduced laryngeal elevation, and difficulties to swallow liquids, but is not the best compensatory strategy for patients with severe dysphagia.

Effectiveness of Chin-tuck Maneuver to Facilitate Swallowing in Neurologic Dysphagia.

Introduction The chin-tuck maneuver is the most frequently employed postural maneuver in the treatment of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia caused by encephalic vascular strokes and degenerative diseases. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of this maneuver in patients with neurogenic dysphagia and factors that could interfere in it. Methods In this retrospective cohort, we analyzed the medical files and videofluoroscopy exams of 35 patients (19 male - 54% and 16 female - 46%; age range between 20 and 89 years old; mean = 69 years). Results The results suggest that the effectiveness of chin-tuck maneuver is related to the overall degree of dysphagia: the more severe the dysphagia, the less effective the maneuver. Conclusion Chin-tuck maneuver should benefit dysphagic patients with delay in the swallowing trigger, reduced laryngeal elevation, and difficulties to swallow liquids, but is not the best compensatory strategy for patients with severe dysphagia.

Applicability of Cone Beam Computed Tomography to the Assessment of the Vocal Tract before and after Vocal Exercises in Normal Subjects.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), which represents an alternative to traditional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, may be a useful instrument to study vocal tract physiology related to vocal exercises. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of CBCT to the assessment of variations in the vocal tract of healthy individuals before and after vocal exercises. METHODS: Voice recordings and CBCT images before and after vocal exercises performed by 3 speech-language pathologists without vocal complaints were collected and compared. Each participant performed 1 type of exercise, i.e., Finnish resonance tube technique, prolonged consonant "b" technique, or chewing technique. The analysis consisted of an acoustic analysis and tomographic imaging. RESULTS: Modifications of the vocal tract settings following vocal exercises were properly detected by CBCT, and changes in the acoustic parameters were, for the most part, compatible with the variations detected in image measurements. CONCLUSION: CBCT was shown to be capable of properly assessing the changes in vocal tract settings promoted by vocal exercises.